Rows of corn, soybeans and wheat are easily distinguishable in the
fields of OARDC¹s Northwestern Branch in Wood County. This area is known as the ³Great
Black Swamp² region once an ancient lake bed. OARDC purchased 247 acres of this land
in 1951, and since then scientists have focused on the area¹s unique soils. The soil here
is a challenge to area crop producers. The high clay content and extremely flat topography
create drainage problems unique to this area making soil the basis of most of the
research projects at the branch.
Scientists carry out research at the Northwestern Branch to study the
culture of the major agronomic crops grown in this region corn, soybeans, wheat,
alfalfa and oats. The branch¹s research program is designed to study crop production
problems and educate its clientele on new methods and techniques to improve profitability
and environmental stewardship.
One major area of concern is wheat production and residue management
for crops that follow in the rotation. With increased emphasis on reduced tillage, residue
management has become a greater problem. This poorly drained soil is colder and wetter
when covered with residue, and it causes corn and soybean production problems. These
problems can adversely affect profitability something scientists and farmers want to
prevent. Scientists are also studying the effects of intensive management principles,
breeding and new variety development, and no-tillage seedling disease control measures.
Scientists are also looking at ways to improve crop performance through
the use of biogenetically developed technologies. Herbicide tolerance, insect and disease
resistance and increased yield potential for corn and soybeans are being evaluated. These
trials educate producers on best management practices using these new technologies. Some
may not increase yields, but may improve crop production efficiency and decrease
environmental impacts. Efficient resource management and environmental awareness for
optimum crop production are of vital importance to these scientists and the clientele
using newly developed technologies. Two other studies evaluate the feasibility of new
practices narrow-row corn production and sub-irrigation drainage for corn and soybeans.
These are studied to see if they provide economic advantages in this region, on this soil
type. Improved equipment, new hybrids and varieties, and improved water management
practices are key to meeting the challenges of the next century.
The Northwestern Branch Liaison Committee serves as a forum for
discussion of current and future research needs for farmers in the northwest region. The
committee is composed of local farmers, agribusiness professionals and OSU Extension
agents who address agricultural concerns and plan future studies.