Diseases of Cocoa
An Integrated Pest Management program for the control of cacao diseases must emphasize the integration of all available control methods into a single program. Fungicides may play an important role in this control technique. However, it is important to emphasis reducing the overall use of fungicides, while maximizing their benefits. In order to reduce the use of fungicides to an absolute minimum, the use of disease resistant cultivars and various cultural practices cannot be overemphasized.

Whereas this type of IPM program must consider the control of all diseases, a strong emphasis here is placed on the big three: black pod, witches' broom, and monilia) which are all widespread fungal diseases. Of course, there are other disease problems such as Swollen Shoot Virus (CSSV) in W. Africa, and Vascular Streak Dieback (VSD) a fungus disease of S.E. Asia and parts of the Far East. These two are very severe regional problems.

Cultural and agronomic practices as well as choice of resistant stock have greatly reduced the reliance on fungicides. This is generally a little easier to do when working on annual row crops than on perennials. However, these factors have also assisted in the control of some cacao diseases. There are some biocontrol options in the control of fungal diseases. In the future these will hopefully become more acceptable in the control of cocoa diseases.

For a list of references click on the disease: Black pod | Monilia | Witches' broom | Vascular streak dieback | Ceratocystis Wilt of Cacao | Swolen shoot virus | Other diseases

Return to Homepage: