Ohio Grape-Wine Electronic
Newsletter
Editor: Imed Dami, PhD
Assistant Professor and Extension Viticulture Specialist
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science
Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center
1680 Madison Avenue
Wooster, OH 44691-4096
Phone: (330)-263-3882
Fax: (330)-263-3887
E-mail: dami.1@osu.edu
www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/grapeweb/
17
August 2007
===========================================================
Content:
Fungicide options and costs
Foliar N
Veraison Update
Grow tube removal
USDA Designates 56 Counties in Ohio as Primary Natural Disaster Areas
Ohio Grape and Wine Field Day Review
====================================================================================
Fungicide options and costs per acre
for summer (late season) control of powdery and downy mildew of grapes
by Mike Ellis OSU/OARDC DEPT. OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
Fungicide options and costs per acre for summer (late season) control of
powdery and downy mildew of grapes ( Prepared by Mike Ellis)
I have been trying to stress in no uncertain terms how important it is to
control our major grape diseases early in the growing season. If we do not
obtain good control early, it may not be possible to obtain satisfactory
control later in the growing season. Also, if we have significant levels of
fruit rot later in the growing season, we did not effectively control the
diseases early. After the critical period for controlling fruit infections
by black rot, powdery mildew and downy mildew is over( immediate pre bloom
through about 3 to 4 weeks after bloom), much of the disease control that is
required for the season should be accomplished. If we did a good job of
controlling diseases early in the season, we should be able to focus the
disease control program on powdery and downy mildew later in the growing
season. Although we have controlled most disease on the fruit, the leaves
and cluster stems (rachis) remain susceptible to both powdery and downy
mildew throughout the season. If the season is hot and dry, downy mildew
should not be a problem, but powdery mildew (which does not require water to
infect) will probably be a problem on susceptible varieties throughout the
year. If it is wet, both powdery and downy will need to be controlled. As we
all know, it can turn from hot and dry to prolonged periods of wet very
quickly in Ohio. The bottom line is that you need to be prepared to control
both of these disease simultaneously in the vineyard. This often calls for
using a combination of fungicides in the spray tank because of the
specificity of the materials to control each of the diseases.
Another problem we need to consider is that fungicide resistance has
developed in the powdery mildew fungus in several of our most effective and
commonly used fungicides. These are mentioned in the table below.
Especially these days, we are all concerned with costs. I have put together
the table below to give an idea of relative cost per acre of the materials
that are options for control of powdery and downy mildew in late season
cover sprays. I think it is important to plan your disease control program
in advance of the season, and in the planning process you can also give some
consideration to cost. Obviously, sulfur is relatively inexpensive for
powdery mildew control, but cannot be used on sulfur sensitive varieties.
Also, it has become a "general rule of thumb" in Ohio not to spray sulfur,
copper or captan fungicides within 30 days of harvest on wine grapes.
Although I have not seen the data, application of these materials close to
harvest is believed by many to adversely affect fermentation, and we do not
want to go there.
Price per acre for common fungicides for late season (summer) control
of Powdery and Downy Mildew of Grape (prices will vary with dealer)
August,2007
POWDERY MILDEW
Product
Price Rate/ Acre Cost/ Acre
Pristine 38 WG $222 /6.25 lb
6- 10.5 oz $13.32-$23.31
$2.22/ oz
Endura 70 WG $479/ 6.5lb
4.5 oz $20.73
Quintec 2.08F $139.50/ 30 fl oz 3-4
fl oz $13.95-$18.60
$4.65/ fl oz
Sulfur
Flowable Sulfur 6F $19.50/ 2.5
gal 3-4 qt $5.85- $7.80
$1.95/ qt
Wettable Sulfur 90% $10.25/ 30lb
8-10 lb $2.72- $3.40
$.34/ lb
THIOLUX Jet 80% $42.00/
50lb 6 lb $5.04
Micronized Sulfur $.84/ lb
Potassium Salts
Nutrol $42.50/ 50 lb
5- 10 lb $4.25- $8.50
Monopotassium Phosphate $.85/ lb
ARMICARB $41.00/ 5 lb
2.5- 5 lb $20.50-$41.00
$8.20/ lb
KALIGREEN
Potassium Bicarbonate
JMS Stylet Oil $11.85/ gal 1 gal/
100 gal $11.85
(old
price) 1%
DOWNY MILDEW
Captec 4L $73.00/ 2.5 gal
.75-1 qt $5.85- $7.80
$7.30/ qt
Agri Fos $78/ 2.5 gal 1.5-2
qt $11.70-$15.60
Ridomil Gold/ MZ $67/ 5lb 2.5 lb
(66 day) $ 33.50
$13.40/
lb
Ridomil Gold/Copper $74/ 5lb 2 lb
(42 day) $29.6
$14.80/lb
*See
attachment on Ohio grape spray
program
==================================================================================== Is
N fertilization Beneficial Now?
by Imed Dami, HCS-OARDC
The answer may surprise you, but it is “YES”, based on a study from New
York, and an article published by Dr. Tim Martinson in a previous issue of
OGEN (12 August 2005). Here are highlights of the findings:
- Insufficient yeast-assimilable nitrogen (YAN) in must is the major
cause of stuck or sluggish fermentation in wine production
- Wines from nitrogen-deficient vineyards are also prone to
“Atypical aging” (ATA) observed in white wines especially in drought
years
- Foliar-applied urea applied 3 times around veraison and on weekly
basis increase YAN in grape juice
- Rate of application = 10 lbs of urea (~5 lbs actual N) / 200 gal.
water / acre
- N foliar application is more effective in dry vs. wet years
- N application around veraison has no effect on crop yield or fruit
composition
===============================================================================================
Wooster Veraison Ratings
Chart(second in a series)
by Anton Prajitna HCS-OARDC
Below is a chart that gives the most current
veraison rating for each variety sampled. This is a visual test for the red
varieties looking for a color change in the berries and a berry softening
sampling for the white varieties.
| Veraison Rating in Hort Unit 2 at OARDC 8/13/07
(1979 degree days/heat units) |
| |
|
| Cultivar
|
% Veraison |
| Cabernet Franc
|
10 |
| Chambourcin
|
30 |
| Chardonnel
|
67 |
| Concord
|
15 |
| Frontenac
|
100 |
| Frontenac Gris
|
100 |
| GR-7
|
100 |
| La Crescent
|
100 |
| Pinot Gris
|
40 |
| Traminette
|
32 |
| Vidal
|
30 |
===============================================================================================
Time to Remove Grow Tubes
by Imed Dami, HCS-OARDC
I get this question often around this time of the year: to remove or not
to remove grow tubes? If you have used grow tubes in you vineyard, it is
time to remove them. Grow tubes should not be left during the acclimation
process and lignification of shoots to canes. Why? Because the environment
inside the tubes interfere with the normal hardening off process the vines
go through in the fall and worse, may lead to more cold injury than
“untubed” vines if left through winter. You may spray an herbicide (e.g
Roundup) one more time if weeds are a problem before grow tube removal.
There is more information on the “Midwest Grape Production Guide” at this
link:
http://ohioline.osu.edu/b919/0008.html.
===============================================================================================
USDA Designates 56 Counties in Ohio as
Primary Natural Disaster Areas
Press Release No. 1487.07 by: Latawnya Dia (202) 720-7962
WASHINGTON, July 25, 2007 The U.S. Department of Agriculture
designated 56 counties in Ohio as primary natural disaster areas because
of losses caused by frost and freeze conditions that occurred from April
1, 2007, through April 20, 2007. Those counties are:
Adams Coshocton
Highland Lucas Noble Scioto
Athens Darke Hocking Madison
Ottawa Union
Auglaize Fairfield Holmes Marion
Paulding Vinton
Belmont Franklin Jackson Medina
Perry Warren
Brown Fulton Jefferson Meigs
Pickaway Washington
Butler Gallia Knox Monroe
Pike Wyandot
Champaign Geauga Lawrence Montgomery
Portage
Clark Greene Licking Morgan
Preble
Clermont Guernsey Logan Morrow Ross
Clinton Hamilton Lorain Muskingum
Sandusky
Also eligible in Ohio because they are contiguous are the following
counties:
Allen Cuyahoga
Hardin Mercer Stark Williams
Ashland Defiance Harrison Miami
Summit Wood
Ashtabula Delaware Henry Putnam
Trumbull
Carroll Erie Huron Richland
Tuscarawas
Columbiana Fayette Lake Seneca Van
Wert
Crawford Hancock Mahoning Shelby
Wayne
In addition, the counties listed below in the adjacent states of
Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan and West Virginia are also eligible because
they are contiguous:
Indiana
Allen, Dearborn, Franklin, Jay, Randolph, Union and Wayne counties
Kentucky
Boone, Boyd, Bracken, Campbell, Greenup, Kenton, Lewis, Mason and
Pendleton counties
Michigan
Hillsdale, Lenawee and Monroe counties
West Virginia
Brooke, Cabell, Hancock, Jackson, Marshall, Mason, Ohio,
Pleasants,Tyler, Wayne, Wetzel and Wood counties.
All counties listed above were designated natural disaster areas on
July 20, 2007, making all qualified farm operators in the designated areas
eligible for low interest emergency (EM) loans from USDA’s Farm Service
Agency (FSA), provided eligibility requirements are met. Farmers in
eligible counties have eight months from the date of the declaration to
apply for loans to help cover part of their actual losses. FSA will
consider each loan application on its own merits, taking into account the
extent of losses, security available and repayment ability. FSA has a
variety of programs, in addition to the EM loan program, to help eligible
farmers recover from adversity.
USDA has made other programs available to assist farmers andranchers,
including the Emergency Conservation Program, Federal Crop Insurance and the
Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program.
Interested farmers may contact their local USDA Service Centers
forfurther information on eligibility requirements and application
proceduresfor these and other programs. Additional information is also
available online at:
http://www.fsa.usda.gov/FSA/webapp?area=home&subject=diap&topic=landing.
FSA news releases are available on FSA’s Web site at:
http://www.fsa.usda.gov.
===============================================================================================
Ohio Grape and Wine Field Day Review
by David Scurlock HCS-OARDC
Beautiful weather ruled the day at the Ashtabula Agricultural Research
Station
OHIO GRAPE AND WINE DAY.
The field day was
attended by 100 people coming
from as far away as Lexington, Kentucky. Key dignitaries in attendance at
the Ohio Grape and Wine Day were the Director of Agriculture Robert Boggs
including some of his staff, Capri S. Cafaro representing Ohio State
Senate's 32nd District as well as Dr Benfield representing the OARDC
Director's office. Growers, winemakers and owners made up the additional
great mix of attendees. Topics included Cabernet clone and systems trials
presented by Dr Imed Dami OARDC, Pinot Noir Crop Load presented by David
Scurlock OARDC, White Grape Aromatic studies presented by Dr Tayehun Ji
OARDC, Variety observations presented by Greg Johns AARS, Disease update and
control presented by Dr Mike Ellis OARDC and Insect update and control
presented by Dr Roger Williams OARDC. The field day was ended with a wine
tasting presented by Todd Steiner OARDC on some varietals grown and tested
at the Ashtabula Agricultural Research Station such as Auxerois, Bianca,
Valvin Muscat, Traminette,Lemberger, Kozma 525 and Petite Verdot. The
evening was capped off with a twilight tour of the Ferrante Family Winery
and Ristorante. Our host Nick Ferrante gave a tour of their vineyard and
wine cellars followed by a delicious Italian meal. New friends were
made,old friends were reacquainted and all were able to take something home
from the experience. Many cudos go out to Greg Johns and Yvonne, David
Marrison and the Ferrante Family for making the Grape and Wine Day and
Twilight Tour such a success and enjoyable evening!