Evaluation of White Corn Hybrids in Ohio, 1995
Peter R. Thomison, Allen B. Geyer and Dave Jordan
Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University
Dan Frobose,
Ext Agt., Agr. & Nat'l Res., Wood Co.
In 1995, we evaluated white food grade corn at three sites in Ohio. Two of the tests were located in Northwest Ohio (Hoytville and Perrysburg) and the third was located in Central Ohio (S. Charleston). Cultural practices and soil types are shown in Table 1. The number of white corn hybrids evaluated varied per location from eight at Perrysburg to 12 at Hoytville - with eight white hybrids common to all three locations. The agronomic performance of hybrid entries is indicated in Tables 2, 4 and 5. Grain yields of the white corn hybrids averaged across the three sites ranged from 102 to 113 Bu/A whereas the yield of a yellow dent hybrid check (Pioneer Brand 3394) averaged 140 Bu/A.
The grain quality characteristics of the hybrid entries are shown in Tables 3 and 6. Milling quality of grain from each hybrid was evaluated by the Cereal Quality Lab at Texas A&M University. Kernel Qualities considered important in alkaline cooking (which is used to prepare corn snack foods such as corn chips) were analyzed.
Target values (which are optimal for processing) are a kernel weight of 37 g or more per 100 kernels and a kernel density equal to or exceeding 1.20 g/cc. An abrasiveness hardness index of no more than 40 is acceptable. The range of % floaters considered optimal is 25-80%. Pericarp removal was based on a scale of 1-5 in which 1 represents complete removal and 5 represents no removal. Pericarp removal relates to alkaline cooking quality where relatively easy removal of the pericarp is highly desirable. Corn pericarps that are relatively easy to remove require less time to cook and product quality is improved. Pericarp removal ratings of 2 are considered optimal. Contracts for growing specialty white corns usually offer a premium over the yellow dent price to compensate for the lower yield potential and the special handling required to ensure high quality grain.
Table 1. Test plot locations, cultural practices and soil types for the 1995 White Corn Evaluations.
| Location |
Planting Date |
Fert Rate/A |
Tillage |
Seeding Rate |
Harvest Date |
Previous Crop |
Plot Size |
Soil Type |
|
OARDC Western Branch Near South Charleston Clark County Clarence Renk |
5/18/95 |
180#N 0#P 0#K |
Conventional | 27700 | 10/13/95 | Soybean |
10' x 80' |
Kokomo Silty Clay Loam |
| OARDC Northwest
Branch Near Hoytville Wood County Paul Houdashalt |
5/15/95 |
230#N 0#P 0#K |
Conventional | 30000 | 10/23/95 | Wheat | 10'
x 25' |
Hoytville Clay Loam |
|
Wood County |
5/8/95 | 130#N 70#P 0#34 |
Stale Seedbed | 29900 | 10/24/95 | Wheat | 15' x 371' | Hoytville Clay Loam |
Table 2. Agronomic performance of 12 white corn hybrids at OARDC Western Branch, S. Charleston, OH 1995.
Type |
Brand/Hybrid |
Yield Bu/A |
% Grain Moist |
Final Stand Plants/A |
% Stalk Lodged |
% |
| White | Pioneer Brand 3203W | 111 | 21.2 | 24957 | 7 | 0 |
| Northrup King N7580W | 109 | 18.8 | 24855 | 4 | 0 | |
| Countrymark 757WH | 106 | 18.3 | 24804 | 6 | 1 | |
| Sturdy Grow 797W | 106 | 19.4 | 24675 | 3 | 0 | |
| Sturdy Grow 754W | 103 | 18.2 | 23958 | 7 | 2 | |
| Pioneer Brand 3287W | 102 | 19.7 | 24855 | 3 | 0 | |
| DeKalb DK793W | 102 | 20.3 | 25009 | 7 | 0 | |
| Vineyard 414W | 99 | 17.6 | 24522 | 13 | 0 | |
| Pioneer Brand 3443W | 95 | 15.1 | 25521 | 5 | 0 | |
| DeKalb DK563W | 91 | 18.6 | 18628 | 4 | 3 | |
| Pioneer Brand 3463W | 90 | 14.5 | 23907 | 1 | 7 | |
| Vineyard 4134W | 89 | 17.3 | 24906 | 9 | 0 | |
| Yellow Dent Check | Pioneer Brand 3394 | 123 | 16.6 | 25060 | 1 | 0 |
| LSD (0.05) | 8 | 1.6 | 1507 | 5 | 2 |
Table 3. Grain quality data for the 1995 White Food Corn Performance Test grown at S. Charleston, OH.
Type |
Brand/Hybrid |
Test Wt | 100 Kernel Wt | Kernel Density | Abrasive Hardness Index |
Floaters |
Pericarp Removal* |
| g | g/cc | % | (1-5) | ||||
| White | Countrymark 757WH | 63.0 | 32.8 | 1.33 | 42.4 | 34.8 | 2.88 |
| DeKalb DK563W | 58.8 | 36.6 | 1.28 | 50.5 | 75.0 | 3.45 | |
| DeKalb DK793W | 65.0 | 28.0 | 1.31 | 46.8 | 67.8 | 3.75 | |
| Northrup King N7580W | 62.0 | 30.4 | 1.32 | 43.4 | 61.0 | 2.88 | |
| Pioneer Brand 3463W | 59.8 | 27.2 | 1.30 | 45.5 | 69.0 | 2.63 | |
| Pioneer Brand 3443W | 61.4 | 30.4 | 1.31 | 44.9 | 77.0 | 2.88 | |
| Pioneer Brand 3287W | 62.9 | 29.4 | 1.34 | 38.4 | 52.5 | 3.63 | |
| Pioneer Brand 3203W | 60.8 | 33.7 | 1.30 | 48.3 | 83.8 | 3.63 | |
| Sturdy Grow 797W | 61.2 | 32.2 | 1.31 | 44.7 | 60.3 | 3.58 | |
| Sturdy Grow 754W | 61.4 | 29.2 | 1.32 | 44.1 | 56.5 | 3.38 | |
| Vineyard 4134W | 62.9 | 29.9 | 1.35 | 40.3 | 22.3 | 1.63 | |
| Vineyard 414W | 63.2 | 32.3 | 1.34 | 40.1 | 29.6 | 1.75 | |
| Yellow Dent Check | Pioneer Brand 3394 | 59.3 | 29.8 | 1.29 | 50.5 | 91.8 | 3.13 |
| LSD (0.05) | 0.97 | 17.4 | 0.01 | 3.5 | 30.3 | 0.79 |
* Rated on a scale in which 1 represents complete removal and 5 represents no removal.
Table 4. Agronomic performance of 12 white corn hybrids at OARDC NW Branch, Hoytville, OH 1995.
Type |
Brand/Hybrid |
Yield Bu/A |
% Grain Moist |
% Stalk Lodged |
Ear Ht (inches) | Test Wt | Final Stand Plants/A |
% Protein* |
% Oil* |
| White | Countrymark 757WH | 103 | 17.7 | 25 | 39 | 60.7 | 30475 | 10.0 | 4.6 |
| Pioneer Brand 3463W | 101 | 17.9 | 27 | 41 | 60.4 | 28350 | 10.1 | 4.7 | |
| Vineyard 4134W | 101 | 17.5 | 21 | 35 | 58.4 | 28875 | 10.3 | 4.8 | |
| Pioneer Brand 3203W | 100 | 16.6 | 28 | 39 | 60.1 | 29450 | 9.6 | 4.8 | |
| Pioneer Brand 3287W | 99 | 17.2 | 17 | 41 | 60.9 | 29725 | 9.8 | 4.8 | |
| Sturdy Grow 754W | 97 | 18.0 | 36 | 44 | 59.0 | 31175 | 9.2 | 4.5 | |
| DeKalb DK793W | 97 | 17.5 | 34 | 41 | 60.2 | 30125 | 10.3 | 4.8 | |
| Northrup King N7580W | 95 | 19.2 | 36 | 44 | 58.6 | 31950 | 9.2 | 4.6 | |
| DeKalb DK563W | 94 | 17.6 | 12 | 38 | 59.2 | 28500 | 9.7 | 4.6 | |
| Sturdy Grow 797W | 91 | 17.9 | 42 | 44 | 58.6 | 30150 | 9.1 | 4.6 | |
| Vineyard 414W | 91 | 17.5 | 21 | 40 | 60.0 | 29725 | 10.3 | 4.7 | |
| Pioneer Brand 3443W | 84 | 18.3 | 24 | 41 | 59.8 | 29975 | 9.8 | 4.9 | |
| Yellow Dent Check | Pioneer Brand 3394 | 135 | 17.6 | 10 | 38 | 59.1 | 28200 | 9.2 | 4.3 |
| LSD (0.05) | 15 | 0.8 | 15 | 4 | 1.0 | 18 | 0.6 | 0.1 |
* White corn plots grown near yellow corn, therefore protein and oil levels may not represent actual levels when white corn is grown in isolation.
Table 5. Agronomic performance of 8 white corn hybrids in Wood Co., OH, 1995.
Type |
Brand/Hybrid |
Yield Bu/A |
% Grain Moist |
Final Stand Plants/A |
% Stalk Lodged |
% Barren |
| White | Pioneer Brand 3263W | 139* | 15.8 | 295110 | 2 | 0 |
| Vineyard 4134W | 134 | 15.7 | 26944 | 0 | 10 | |
| DeKalb DK563W | 131 | 17.8 | 21812 | 9 | 12 | |
| Countrymark 757WH | 126 | 18.4 | 26303 | 2 | 7 | |
| Pioneer Brand 3443W | 126 | 16.5 | 26944 | 5 | 5 | |
| Sturdy Grow 797W | 125 | 18.0 | 29510 | 2 | 0 | |
| Vineyard 414W | 125 | 16.2 | 30152 | 6 | 0 | |
| Sturdy Grow 754W | 123 | 17.1 | 25661 | 5 | 7 | |
| Yellow Dent Check | Pioneer Brand 3394 | 162 | 15.0 | 26944 | 0 | 0 |
* Each value is the mean of 2 replications
Table 6. Grain quality data for the 1995 White Food Corn Performance Test grown in Wood County, OH.
Type |
Brand/Hybrid |
Test Wt | 100 Kernel Wt | Kernel Density | Abrasive Hardness Index |
Floaters |
Pericarp Removal* |
| g | g/cc | % | (1-5) | ||||
| White | Pioneer Brand 3263W | 63.1** | 29.3 | 1.32 | 41.6 | 51 | 3.3 |
| Vineyard 4134W | 58.9 | 36.9 | 1.27 | 52.5 | 99 | 4.0 | |
| DeKalb DK563W | 62.4 | 30.5 | 1.31 | 46.2 | 80 | 2.0 | |
| Countrymark 757WH | 61.0 | 29.7 | 1.30 | 51.3 | 72 | 2.5 | |
| Pioneer Brand 3443W | 61.1 | 29.9 | 1.30 | 45.6 | 79 | 3.3 | |
| Sturdy Grow 797W | 61.7 | 29.1 | 1.32 | 44.3 | 69 | 3.8 | |
| Vineyard 414W | 62.6 | 44.7 | 1.34 | 39.7 | 41 | 2.0 | |
| Sturdy Grow 754W | 63.9 | 29.4 | 1.35 | 43.0 | 31 | 2.3 | |
| Yellow Dent Check | Pioneer Brand 3394 | 61.5 | 32.9 | 1.29 | 62.8 | 94 | 3.0 |
* Rated on a scale in which 1 represents complete removal and 5 represents no removal.
** Each value is the mean of 2 replications