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Author(s):Brown I.M., Gaugler R. 
Year:1998 
Title:Survival of steinernematid nematodes exposed to freezing  
Citation:Journal of Thermal Biology. 23:(2) 75-80. . 
Abstract:
1. Entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema riobravis, S. carpocapsae and S. glaseri survived prolonged exposure to freezing at -4 degree C. LT-50 values were 2.1, 1.8 and 0.6 days respectively 2. Steinernema riobravis and S. carpocapsae were still pathogenic after 6 days of freezing and S. glaseri showed poor pathogenicity over 4 days of freezing at -4 degree C. 3. Incubation in 20% glycerol for 48 h prior to freezing at -20 degree C enhanced survival and path genicity of S. carpocapsae. Survival increased to 30 days; nematodes were still pathogenic after 24 days of exposure

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