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| Author(s): | Grewal P.S. |
| Year: | 1999 |
| Title: | Production, formulation, and quality |
| Citation: | Proceedings at the National Workshop on Optimal Use of Insecticidal Nematodes in Pest Management. Ed. Polavarapu S. (eds). The State University of New Jersey Rutgers University. Chatsworth, NJ pgs. 15-24. . |
Abstract:
Mass-production and formulation of insecticidal nematodes have seen phenomenal success in the past two decades. Liquid fermentation processes have been established that allow production at 300 - 80,OOOL scale. Five steinernematid (Steinernema carpocapsae, S. riobrave, S. feltiae, S. scapterisci, and S. glaseri) and three heterorhabditid (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, H. indicus, and H. megidis) nematodes have been successfully produced in liquid culture with yields ranging from 0.6 x 105 to 4 x 105 infective juveniles per ml. Easy-to-use wettable powder and water dispersible granular formulations with ambient storage stability have been developed. Formulated S. carpocapsae can be stored for 4-5 months at room temperature and S. feltiae and S. riobrave for 2-3 months. A new wettable powder formulation allows ambient storage of the first Heterorhabditis product for 2-3 months. Quality of nematode products is measured as nematode viability, total viable nematodes, virulence, age, and quantity of stored energy reserves. Cottage industry that uses in vivo nematode production lacks rigorous quality control |
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