The
evaluation of different feeder pig production systems must take into account
non-market impacts, such as odors, pathogens, particulate matter, as well as
production parameters, revenues and fixed costs.
The three systems studied were the: 1) conventional system (CS) with full
confinement, liquid manure and mechanical ventilation; 2) high-rise hog (HRH)
system with full confinement, solid manure and mechanical ventilation; 3) hoop
house (HH) system with full confinement, solid manure and natural ventilation.
The production factors analyzed included starting and ending weight, days
on feed, average daily gain, feed efficiency, days to market, mortality, and
turns/year. Although the HRH
demonstrated higher daily gain, fewer days to market and higher feed conversion,
it had the highest fixed costs and electricity/fuel costs.
When manure handling cost, including bedding, hauling and equipment, were
considered, the HRH had the lowest cost. In
the final analysis, the return to management per pig was highest for the HH,
primarily due to the low capital investment required.
However, this analysis does not account for potential costs to protect
the environment or address neighbor’s concerns.
For example, the HRH system reduces odors by 53%.
To achieve a comparable reduction in a CS, biofiltration, at a cost of
$2.44 per pig space, would be needed. As
environmental and social issues become more prevalent, their costs will need to
be considered.